准组织化:“互联网+线上应急救援”的实践路径和现实困境*—以河南郑州“7·20”特大暴雨灾害事件为例

为响应我国应急管理现代化和信息化建设需要,采用参与式观察、网络民族志和深度访谈方法,从准组织化集体行动视角切入,对河南郑州“7·20”特大暴雨灾害事件中救援模式相对成熟的“互联网+线上应急救援”实践路径和现实困境进行探讨。研究结果表明:线上应急救援实践路径涵盖聚合、运转、高效、离散4个阶段,且以持续不断的行动流呈现,具有准组织化集体行动特征;同时,线上救援形式面临“合法性”不确定、救援质量不稳定、风险评估主观性和政府正式沟通渠道有限性等现实困境,研究结果可为我国应急管理信息化建设提供参考。     

“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游多维生态位及竞合发展策略研究

构建湛江、茂名、阳江3市和谐的滨海旅游竞合关系是粤西滨海旅游协同一体化高质量发展的重要内涵与实现途径。基于2012—2017年“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游相关统计数据,构建了滨海旅游生态位测评指标体系,运用旅游生态位理论模型综合测评了“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游生态位宽度、扩充度和重叠度,深入分析了“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游产业综合竞争力、竞争态势与竞争程度。结果发现:①“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游生态位宽度呈现“水平低、均衡化”的结构特征,3市滨海旅游产业综合竞争力与影响力弱,旅游综合竞争力从大到小的排序依次为湛江、茂名、阳江。②“湛茂阳”3市滨海旅游综合生态位扩充态势不明显,扩充度水平整体呈现均质化特征,局部存在一定程度的分异。③“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游生态位重叠度高,旅游竞争激烈,旅游协同合作发展水平与效应较低。最后,从区域滨海旅游生态位的协同、错位、扩充3个视角科学提出了“湛茂阳”区域滨海旅游竞合发展策略。     

县域打通“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念转化通道的典型模式研究

“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念是习近平生态文明思想的重要组成部分,具有深刻的哲学内涵,本文利用代表“绿水青山”和“金山银山”的生态与经济指标聚类分析了中国1666个县(市、区),筛选出21个典型地区并分析了其“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念转化路径,总结提出5类典型模式。其中,以浙江省衢州市的6县(市、区)为案例,综合设计衢州市各县(市、区)的“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念转化典型模式实践方案,论证县域典型模式设计方法的适用性。对研究与实践中存在的问题,提出开展生态价值核算、出台县级层面的评价标准和规范、开展试点示范、出台经济激励与优惠政策等建议,进一步深化“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念探索实践。     

污染地块土壤多氯联苯风险筛选值研究

污染地块土壤多氯联苯（PCBs）污染主要来自含PCBs电力设备封存点的泄漏及非故意产生源,建立土壤PCBs筛选标准是开展PCBs污染地块调查、评估和修复的基础.本研究通过文献分析统计了典型PCBs单体的占比,并基于人体健康风险评估模型推导了污染地块土壤PCBs风险筛选值.结果表明,不同商用PCBs混合物中共平面PCBs总量（∑Co-PCBs）占比为0.01%~16.10%,难以代表PCBs的总体风险水平.研究建立了PCBs总量、指示性PCBs总量（∑Id-PCBs）及∑Co-PCBs等3个指标共同作为土壤PCBs筛选值体系,敏感用地和非敏感用地情景下,PCBs总量、∑Id-PCBs、∑Co-PCBs分别为2.10、0.24、0.03 mg·kg^-1和6.20、0.71、0.09 mg·kg^-1.通过6个含PCBs电容器地下封存点485个污染土壤样品的分析,进一步证明了仅控制∑Co-PCBs将低估PCBs污染风险,采用本研究提出的3个指标进行筛选能够更有效地识别和评估PCBs污染地块的风险.     

Activity and characteristics of “Oxygen-enriched” highly reactive absorbent for simultaneous flue gas desulfurization and denitrification

An “Oxygen-enriched” highly reactive absorbent was prepared by mixing fly ash, lime and a small quantity of KMnO₄ for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification. Removal of SO₂ and NO simultaneously was carried out using this absorbent in a flue gas circulating fluidized bed (CFB). The highest simultaneous removal efficiency, 94.5% of SO₂ and 64.2% of NO, was achieved under the optimal experiment conditions. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Accessory X-ray Energy Spectrometer (EDX) were used to observe the surface characteristics of fly ash, lime, “Oxygen-enriched” highly reactive absorbent and the spent absorbent. An ion chromatograph (IC) and chemical analysis methods were used to determine the contents of sulfate, sulfite, nitrate and nitrite in the spent absorbents, the results showed that sulfate and nitrite were the main products for desulfurization and denitrification respectively. The mechanism of removing SO₂ and NO simultaneously was proposed based on the analysis results of SEM, EDX, IC and the chemical analysis methods.     

关于统筹实现碳达峰目标与碳中和愿景的几点建议

习近平总书记在第75届联合国大会一般性辩论上发表的重要讲话为我国实现碳达峰目标和碳中和愿景指明了方向。本文针对我国如何统筹碳达峰目标与碳中和愿景工作提出如下建议:一是要充分认识我国实现碳达峰目标的困难和挑战。二是要充分认识到我国碳达峰的任务艰巨,但有一定的基础条件。三是要树立战胜困难的信心和决心。四是要认真总结北京、河北、河南、山西、四川等已经初步实现碳达峰目标地区的经验。五是统筹碳达峰与碳中和,提早安排碳中和各项工作。六是统筹提高能源效率和发展非化石能源。七是统筹能源转型和发展转型。八是成立国家碳中和发展基金。九是建立碳达峰、碳中和的政策机制。十是加强碳达峰、碳中和的国际合作。     

硝酸盐电子受体反硝化同时除磷试验分析

经研究发现AAA SBR系统中的活性污泥可以利用硝酸盐作为电子受体进行缺氧吸磷并同时发生反硝化脱氮。试验利用“双泥”系统进一步探讨了污水生物反硝化同时除磷的可能性,结果表明 :“双泥”系统的“双重”吸磷以及内碳源反硝化除磷方式可以使生物处理出水磷酸盐浓度趋近于零,TP≤ 0 2 3mg L、NH3 N≤ 0 5mg L、TN≤ 8mg L、CODCr≤2 5mg L。     

Application of compost of two-phase olive mill waste on olive grove: Effects on soil,olive fruit and olive oil quality

Composting is a method for preparing organic fertilizers that represents a suitable management option for the recycling of two-phase olive mill waste (TPOMW) in agriculture. Four different composts were prepared by mixing TPOMW with different agro-industrial by-products (olive pruning, sheep manure and horse manure), which were used either as bulking agents or as N sources. The mature composts were added during six consecutive years to a typical “Picual” olive tree grove in the Jaén province (Spain). The effects of compost addition on soil characteristics, crop yield and nutritional status and also the quality of the olive oil were evaluated at the end of the experiment and compared to a control treated only with mineral fertilization. The most important effects on soil characteristics included a significant increase in the availability of N, P, K and an increase of soil organic matter content. The application of TPOMW compost produced a significant increase in olive oil content in the fruit. The compost amended plots had a 15% higher olive oil content than those treatment with inorganic fertilization. These organics amendments maintained the composition and quality of the olive oil.     

浙江油田安全文化建设现状分析与对策思考

浙江油田公司正在全面深入推进安全文化建设,公司安全环保形势也持续明显好转,但是作业现场“三违”现象频现、隐患犹存,甚至造成事故险肇。究其原因,大多数都是风险辨识不到位、措施制定不规范、作业把关不严密所致;归根结底是员工没有形成有效的安全文化意识。结合公司两年来安全文化建设中存在的不足,经深入剖析,提出了有针对性、建设性的对策措施,以便进一步提高浙江油田公司安全文化建设水平。     

Team knowledge exchange: How and when does transformational leadership have an effect?

In this study, we examined how and when transformational leadership affected team knowledge exchange. Taking a goal pursuit perspective, we hypothesized two parallel mediating mechanisms—team knowledge goal generation and team knowledge goal striving—linking transformational leadership to team knowledge exchange. In addition, we investigated whether team-level team-member exchange served as a boundary condition that qualified the effects of transformational leadership on team knowledge goal generation and striving. We tested our hypotheses using time-lagged data from 118 work teams of a large Chinese manufacturing firm. Our findings provided support for the proposed parallel mediating mechanisms (i.e., team knowledge goal generation and team knowledge goal striving) that linked transformational leadership to team knowledge exchange. In addition, we found that team-level team-member exchange could strengthen the positive effect of transformational leadership on team knowledge exchange via team knowledge goal generation. By taking the novel lens of team goal pursuit, this study contributes to the literature on leadership and teams by shedding light on how transformational leadership triggers the goal pursuit process of team knowledge exchange.